AAAR 31st Annual Conference
October 8-12, 2012
Hyatt Regency Minneapolis
Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
Abstract View
In-use Emission Factors from Traditional and Upgraded Cookstoves in Rural Karnataka, India
ANDREW GRIESHOP, Grishma Jain, Karthik Sethuraman, Ther Aung, T. Pradeep, Narayanswami S., Julian Marshall, North Carolina State University
Abstract Number: 751 Working Group: Combustion
Abstract Primitive use of biomass for cooking in developing countries has outsized impacts on human mortality and on emissions of short and long-lived climate forcing agents. Addressing these impacts requires substantial improvements in efficiency and emission performance of cooking appliances. This poster presents data collected during a randomized control trial of a carbon-credit funded stove replacement program conducted by SAMUHA, an Indian NGO. The program replaced traditional stoves with ‘rocket’ type stoves (Chulika, ISquareD, Bangalore, India) in 72 of 187 study households in the village of Hire Waddarkal in Karnataka, India. Emission measurements were conducted during family stove use in homes before and after cookstove replacement with an autonomous instrument package. The Stove Emission Measurement System (STEMS) was deployed for 50 baseline and 54 post-intervention cooking periods. STEMS uses an in-plume probe to collect filter samples for offline determination of PM2.5 and particulate organic and elemental carbon (OC/EC) mass along with real time (1-2 s) CO2, CO, PM light scattering and absorption (at 3 wavelengths) data. Data were used to calculate fuel-based CO, PM2.5, OC and EC emission factors and to examine emission characteristics of traditional and intervention stoves under varying usage. PM emission factors from the improved stoves were not substantially reduced relative to baseline measurements, though emission factors range widely across tests. Fuel-use data indicate that stove thermal efficiency was improved in the Chulika, resulting in a modest reduction in overall PM emissions. In general, Chulika EC emission factors were higher than those for baseline stoves. Results of this study highlight the large levels of variability in emissions associated with in-home use of both baseline and post-intervention stoves. They also reinforce others’ findings that some stoves marketed and perceived as ‘clean’ do not provide sufficient emission reductions.