AAAR 33rd Annual Conference
October 20 - October 24, 2014
Rosen Shingle Creek
Orlando, Florida, USA
Abstract View
Aerosol Emissions from Ships Using Heavy Fuel Oil or Diesel Fuel: Composition and Biological Effects on Human Lung Cells
RALF ZIMMERMANN, Sebastian Öder, Tamara Kanashova, Olli Sipppula, Saen Sapcariu, Thorsten Streibel, Manuel Jose Arteaga-Salas, Johannes Passig, Hanns-Rudolf Paur, Marco Dilger, Benjamin Stengel, Horst Harndorf, Jorma Jokiniemi, Kelly BeruBe, Erwin Karg, Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis, Jürgen Orasche, Laarnie Müller, Ahmed Rehda, Thomas Gröger, Martin Sklorz, Christian Radischat, Karsten Hiller, Jeroen Buters, Gunnar Dittmar, Helmholtz Zentrum München and Rostock University
Abstract Number: 147 Working Group: Health Related Aerosols
Abstract In the framework of the virtual Helmholtz Institute HICE, health effects of emissions from ships are addressed. A ship diesel engine was operated either with heavy fuel oil (HFO) or diesel fuel (DF). The emissions were comprehensively characterized (chemical composition and physical properties). Simultaneously human lung cell-cultures (human alveolar basal epithelial cells, A549 and BEAS2B) were ex-posed at the air-liquid-interface (ALI) using a special ALI mobile exposure system and a custom-built transportable S2-biological laboratory-container. The fresh ship engine aerosols were diluted (DF~1:40, HFO ~ 1:100) before exposure. The 4 h exposed cells subsequently were toxicologically and molecular-biologically characterized (transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics). Although the HFO-exhaust was more diluted, the deposited PM-dose on the cell layer was still higher for HFO- than for DF-exposure. Stable isotope labeling technologies (13C-Glucose/metabolomics; 2H-Lysine/SILAC-proteomics) were applied for high detection sensitivity and accuracy for molecular-biological effect at sub-acute toxicity dose levels. The chemical analysis results on HFO- and DF-ship diesel PM depict much more particle mass, organic mass, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and oxidized-PAH, aliphatic compounds and transition metals (V, Ni, Fe) for the HFO case. DF-PM in the contrary contained more elemental carbon (EC) and black carbon (BC). The comprehensive investigation of the biological effects of DF- and HFO-ship emissions on the human lung cells gave a surprising result: Although for HFO-experiments the PM-dose was higher and the concentration of known air toxics as PAH and transition metals were much higher, the PM DF-experiments induced broader toxic- and biological-effects in the cells. Monitoring of the cellular response for HFO-emission revealed biological effects such as inflammation and oxidative stress, DF-emission particles induced a broader general reaction including basic cellular pathways. This is suggesting that both, DF- and HFO-PM emission can evoke harmful health effects. In conclusion the currently promoted switching from HFO to DF without precipitation of elemental carbon-emissions may be insufficient from a public-health perspective. This work/HICE (www.hice-vi.eu) is supported by the Helmholtz Association (HGF).