AAAR 35th Annual Conference October 17 - October 21, 2016 Oregon Convention Center Portland, Oregon, USA
Abstract View
Advancing Field Measurements of Particle Emissions from Brick Kilns
RYAN THOMPSON, Emily Floess, Cheryl Weyant, Tami Bond, Ellen Baum, Zach Merrin, Paul Francisco, Sameer Maithel, Ananthakrishnan Ravi, Sonal Kumar, Sagar Adhikari, Santosh Guatam, Uma Rajarathnam, Bidya Pradhan, P.S. Praveen, Sujan Shrestha, Mountain Air Engineering
Abstract Number: 683 Working Group: Instrumentation and Methods
Abstract Solid fuel (coal and biomass) fired brick kilns contribute a significant fraction of total air pollution in developing regions of the world. However, emissions characterization required to understand health and climate impacts is lacking. Conventional emission measurement methods, such as U.S. EPA methods for stationary sources, are not adequate for brick kilns because of high particle concentrations, large temporal variability in emissions, low exhaust flows, and exclusion of climate relevant emissions such as black carbon.
As part of the Climate and Clean Air Coalition initiative on brick kilns, a dilution sampling method and sampling equipment were developed to meet current needs in climate–relevant emission characterization. The equipment is a portable dilution sampling system that includes filter holders for PM$_(2.5) gravimetric and composition (organic carbon and elemental carbon) analysis, real-time particle optical scattering and absorption sensors, gas sensors for carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide, and experimental stack flow measurement devices.
The method was tested on fourteen brick kilns in India, Nepal, and Colombia. The kiln types encompass a large variety of natural draft and forced draft kilns including bull’s trench, zig-zag, clamp, tunnel, Hoffman, and Coleman. Fuel types include coal, wood, industrial fuel waste, and agricultural residue. This poster presents methods, equipment, and measurement results. The results are presented as emission factors and emission rates of PM$_(2.5), organic carbon, elemental carbon, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide. Emission patterns are illustrated with real-time data.