10th International Aerosol Conference September 2 - September 7, 2018 America's Center Convention Complex St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Abstract View
Black Carbon Emissions Using Marine Fuels: An Instrument Comparison and Emissions Characterization
STEPHANIE GAGNE, Brigitte Behrends, Ali Momenimovahed, Kevin Thomson, Gert Jakobi, Volker Wichmann, National Research Council Canada
Abstract Number: 1457 Working Group: Combustion-Generated Aerosols: the Desirable and Undesirable
Abstract The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is investigating measurement methods to assess the climate impact of Black Carbon (BC) from international shipping in the Arctic. BC emissions from marine engines have very different properties compared to other transportation sectors. The fuels used generally contain more sulphur, ash, and a higher fraction of organic components, especially (but not limited to) when using Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO). The engine technology varies widely and a whole range of fuels are used including Liquefied Natural Gas, Diesel, HFO and blends. All these factors influence the detection of BC by the different instruments, and complicate their calibration.
In a measurement campaign held in Rostock, Germany in the summer of 2016, we measured BC emissions from a one-cylinder research engine, burning three different marine fuels, and varying the engine load. We used 6 different BC mass concentration measurement techniques: a Droplet Measurement Technology Photo Acoustic eXtinctiometer (PAX), two Artium LII300 (Laser-Induced Incandescence, LII), a Sunset Laboratory Thermal-Optical Analyzer (TOA, using transmittance and reflectance), an AVL 415SE Smoke Meter, an AVL MicroSoot Sensor (MSS), and a Magee Scientific Aethalometer. We also gathered ancillary information on the emitted particles such as by TEM images, EDX analysis, and effective density measurements with and without a denuder.
In this work, we present how BC emissions varied for different fuels and different engine loads. We also analyze the variation in the response of different BC instruments depending on their measurement principles and the emissions properties at different test points. We find that the fraction of organic material influences the degree to which the instruments agree. We also discuss what influence the presence of ash may have on the different instruments.