10th International Aerosol Conference September 2 - September 7, 2018 America's Center Convention Complex St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Abstract View
In-Situ Estimation of Non-Regulated Pollutant Emission Factors in Urban Area With Fleet Composition Characterization
SIMON MARTINET, Yao Liu, Liliane Jean-Soro, Mathieu Goriaux, IFSTTAR
Abstract Number: 202 Working Group: Aerosol Chemistry
Abstract In urban areas, road traffic is one of the main causes of air pollution. Besides regulated pollutants, the road transport induces also particles, black carbon (BC) and several VOCs and SVOCs (Volatile and Semi-volatile Organic Compounds) emissions which lead to serious negative impacts on human health and air quality inside the cities. This study aims to estimate the emission factors of these different unregulated pollutants in an urban area with real fleet composition and traffic conditions (speed, traffic congestion, and number of vehicles) during 11 days (background and urban dense traffic areas). The particle number concentration and black carbon were measured with FMPS (fast mobility particle sizer), SMPS (scanning mobility particle sizer), and Aethalometer 33-7. The VOC and SVOC were collected using cartridges and quartz filters and analyzed by GC-MS. The urban site is two way street with two directions and limited to 30 km/h with traffic lights. The fleet composition and the traffic conditions were characterized by two cameras and two pneumatic tubes allowing counting the vehicle number, average speed and vehicle type (light-duty vehicles, light-commercial vehicles, heavy-duty vehicles, buses, motorcycles,…) and their characteristics (brand, model, fuel, engine, age, EURO emission standard,…). The road fleet composition characterized during this campaign is representative of French fleet with 90 % of light-duty vehicles, 8 % of light-commercial vehicles, 1 % of heavy-duty vehicles and buses and 0.5 % of motorcycles. For the light-duty vehicles, the repartition according to the fuel is about 32 % of gasoline and 62 % of diesel and the repartition according to the EURO emission standards is about 14 % of EURO 6 vehicles, 30 % of EURO 5, 29 % of EURO 4, 17 % of EURO 3, 7 % of EURO 2 and 2 % of EURO 1. The emission factors vary from 6 to 1800 μg/veh/km for the formaldehyde, from 8 to 8000 μg/veh/km for the toluene, from 1.2×1013 to 9.5×1014 #/veh/km for the particle number and from 1.7×106 to 2×108 ng/veh/km for the black carbon during 7 days. The evolution of the particle mean diameter were also observed according to the traffic, the wind speed and the traffic mean speed that might be explained by atmospheric physical phenomena (dispersion, coagulation, resuspension…).