10th International Aerosol Conference September 2 - September 7, 2018 America's Center Convention Complex St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Abstract View
Characteristics of Pollutant Emissions from Typical Coastal and Riverine Ships in China
XIANG DING, Qing Li, Di Wu, Jianfeng Sun, Xianmang Xu, JianMin Chen, Fudan University
Abstract Number: 481 Working Group: Carbonaceous Aerosol
Abstract China accounted for 70% of the world's top 10 ports in 2015, according to the World Shipping Council. The ship emission has become one major air pollution source in the coastal and riverine areas of China. To our knowledge, field study has rarely been conducted, especially at emissions from CVs (coastal vessels) and RVs (riverine vessels) in China. Therefore, the characteristics of gaseous (CO, SO2, NO, NO2, NOX, NMVOCs) and particulate matters (PMs, number and mass size distributions) emissions regularly sailing on the China East Sea and Yangzi river were investigated in this study. Effects of running condition (engine speed: 400~640 rpm) and fuel quality (HFO: 2.07% of fuel S, and MDO: 0.12% of fuel S) on gaseous and PM2.5 emission factors from CVs and RVs were systematically compared.
The emission factors of NOX, SO2, CO, NMVOCs and PM2.5 from RVs operated with MDO under different load conditions and CVs operated with HFO and MDO under same load conditions varied in the range of 50~80, 10~35, 8~23, 0.05~0.5 and 0.4~3.2 g·(kg fuel)-1. This study found that the emission of CO and NOX were determined by engine (RVs and CVs) and its operating condition, while emissions of SO2, NMVOCs and PM2.5 were influenced by both fuel quality and engine operating condition. The particle number size distribution of in plumes of RVs were dominated by particles in the accumulation mode with peak at 70–90 nm, while the highest number concentrations increased from ~107 to ~108 cm-3 when the engine speed increased from 400 to 640 rpm at a 75% of full engine load. The mass ratio of fine particles (PM2.5) in total suspended particles was about 82–87%. The PM2.5 was dominated by organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC). The percentages of EC increase from 19% to 61% with increasing engine speed from 400 rpm to 640 rpm in 75% loads, while those of OC decrease from 51% to 23%. The variation of EC/OC percentages is owing to that an increase of engine speed results in increase of fuel usage and flue temperature, as well as decrease of air-to-fuel ratio. Additionally, the fractions of SO42- exhibit much less variation with engine speed.