10th International Aerosol Conference September 2 - September 7, 2018 America's Center Convention Complex St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Abstract View
Particle Emissions from Brakes – Sampling, Quantification and Characterization
MICHAEL ARNDT, Athanasios Mamakos, Klaus Augsburg, David Hesse, Fekix Wenzel, AVL List GmbH
Abstract Number: 820 Working Group: Remote/Regional Atmospheric Aerosol
Abstract With the exhaust of modern engines being cleaned up efficiently by aftertreatment systems, non-exhaust sources of particles (brake and tire wear) contribute significantly to the total amount of particulate matter emitted by today's vehicles. While tire wear emissions are difficult to quantify as they also depend strongly on the type of pavement, brake dust can be measured under laboratory conditions on a brake dyno. Researchers working on brake emissions employ a wide range of sampling and measuring techniques. The size spectrum of particles emitted by brakes is much broader than for combustion emissions. This results in specific requirements for the design of the sampling system.
In a dedicated measurement campaign on a specifically designed dilution tunnel installed in a brake dyno, different types of brake pads have been tested under various test cycles (WLTC, AK-Master) and specific baking manoeuvres simulating specific driving conditions.
It could be seen that moderate and more aggressive braking manoeuvres result in substantially different particle emissions (particle number, size distribution and PM mass).
Different instrument techniques have been used to quantify the particle emissions. Both thermally treated and untreated samples were sampled for particle number counting using CPCs with different cut-off sizes. Light absorption in the near infrared (i.e. by black carbon) has been quantified by using an AVL Micro Soot Sensor. Multiple PM filter samples have been collected by an AVL PM-PEMS to determine total PM emissions and to perform chemical analysis.