AAAR 37th Annual Conference October 14 - October 18, 2019 Oregon Convention Center Portland, Oregon, USA
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Ambient Air Quality in Urban Areas of Indonesia
Muhayatun Santoso, Diah Lestiani, Syukria Kurniawati, ENDAH DAMASTUTI, Djoko Prakoso, Indah Kusmartini, Rita Mukhtar, Philip K. Hopke, Center for Applied Nuclear Science and Technology, BATAN
Abstract Number: 810 Working Group: Urban Aerosols
Abstract This research was conducted to assess the air quality in 16 urban areas of Indonesia covering Java, Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku, and Papua islands. Samples of fine (PM2.5) and coarse fractions (PM2.5-10) of airborne particulate matter have been collected using a Gent stacked filter unit, once a week for 24hrs, from January 2014 until the present. More than 1500 pairs samples were collected. The samples were analyzed for mass, black carbon, and elemental composition. Nuclear techniques have been used in quantification of environmental pollutant. The results showed that majority of the annual concentrations of PM2.5 in 6 sites of Java islands exceeded the Indonesian annual air quality standards (15 µg/m3), while that of PM10 were lower than its daily guideline value (150 µg/m3). The overall air quality in the urban sites of Java islands (Jakarta, Tangerang, Bandung, Yogyakarta, Semarang, Surabaya) were higher compare to other sites in other islands of Indonesia. The average ratio of BC concentrations compared to the PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 12 to 24 %. Several compositions of elemental concentrations were also determined. The results obtained in Surabaya and Tangerang sites showed that level of lead and some other heavy metals in PM2.5 significantly higher than in other sites. The maximum of lead concentration at Surabaya and Tangerang sites reaches tens of times higher than US EPA NAAQS (0.15 µg/m3), while the average of Zn concentrations in Surabaya were more than 3 times higher than other sites in Java, and tens of times higher than other sites outside Java. Air quality during volcanic eruption and forest fires in these sampling periods will also be discussed comprehensively. The results obtained from this research gave very important information as early warning and scientific research-based references to avoid greater financial disadvantage and human health impact. Better solution and proper action should be taken into this matter.