AAAR 36th Annual Conference October 16 - October 20, 2017 Raleigh Convention Center Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Multi-Year Characterization of Cookstove Activity and Emissions Measured in Two Rural Areas in India
MOHAMMAD MAKSIMUL ISLAM, Roshan Wathore, Grishma Jain, Karthik Sethuraman, Hisham Zerriffi, Julian Marshall, Andrew Grieshop, Rob Bailis, North Carolina State University
Abstract Number: 556 Working Group: Indoor Aerosols
Abstract Biomass stoves, which are used by around 2.7 billion people globally, emit particulate and gaseous pollutants with adverse health and climatic impacts. Most households in rural India are dependent on wood for cooking. This study quantifies cookstove emissions measured in an ongoing field campaign in two rural areas (Kullu, in Himachal Pradesh and Koppal, in Karnataka) in India. We aim to test for a link between adoption of cleaner cooking options and reduced emissions, exposures, and other impacts. In the study, households choose from a range of stove models (e.g., advanced biomass, liquefied petroleum gas, induction). In-home measurements are carried out before and after introduction of new stove and include real-time concentrations of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide (CO), particle light scattering and absorption, and gravimetric PM2.5 and organic/elemental carbon analyses. Measurements are complete for baseline (BL) and a first follow-up (F1), totaling 162 tests (86 BL tests; 76 F1). A second follow-up season (F2) is ongoing. Most households chose to receive a modern-fuel stove (LPG, electric); few (12.5% in Koppal and 32% in Kullu) selected a biomass stove. Of 162 emission measurements, the number per stove-type are 85 traditional stoves, 37 ‘Tandoor’ chimney stoves of two types, 21 LPG, 7 Envirofit, and 12 others (e.g., Prakti and TERI biomass stoves). Preliminary data analysis shows that average PM2.5 emission factors (EF; g/kg dry fuel) of Traditional Tandoor and Himanshu Tandoor are 27% and 24% lower, and CO EFs 32% and 44% higher, than traditional stoves, respectively. EFs from LPG stoves are dramatically lower than those from biomass stoves, but show substantial variability. We will discuss the seasonality as well as inter-site variability in integrated emissions and comparative analysis will explore the influence of real-time activity on emissions and particle optical properties.