AAAR 36th Annual Conference October 16 - October 20, 2017 Raleigh Convention Center Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Take-Off Engine Particle Emission Indices for In-Service Aircraft at Los Angeles International Airport
RICHARD MOORE, Michael Shook, Luke Ziemba, Josh DiGangi, Edward Winstead, Bastian Rauch, Jurkat Tina, Kenneth Thornhill, Ewan Crosbie, Claire Robinson, Taylor Shingler, Bruce Anderson, NASA Langley
Abstract Number: 590 Working Group: Combustion
Abstract Aircraft engine particle emissions are important contributors to local air quality near airports. These emissions occur during multiple stages of aircraft movement including idling at terminal gates, taxiing, runway take-offs, and runway landings, which are collectively referred to as the landing-takeoff (LTO) cycle. Engine LTO emissions are quantified by their manufacturers prior to certification and operation in terms of a smoke number; although, current and future efforts are underway to measure engine LTO emissions in a more rigorous fashion by measuring particle number and/or mass emissions indices. While these data will inform transportation modeling of the next generation of aircraft engines, there are currently no plans to recertify older engines that are currently in service. In addition, the LTO certification process is idealized as engine conditions are measured under discrete, steady thrust settings that may differ from thrusts actually applied by pilots. Consequently, there is a need to understand the emissions from these currently in-service engines under real-world conditions. Here, we investigate particle emissions emitted by aircraft during takeoff operations at Los Angeles International Airport (LAX).
We present engine emissions indices from 275 distinct aircraft takeoff plumes for a range of engine types and aircraft configurations. The most prevalent single aircraft type sampled were 737 class -700, -800, and -900 series with CFM56-7B engines. Other engine types included contrasting Engine Alliance and Rolls-Royce Trent 970 engines on the Airbus A380-800 aircraft and GE Genx engines on Boeing 747-800s. Particle number EIs are in the range of 1016-1017 kg-fuel-1 on a number basis and 100-1000 mg kg-fuel-1 on a mass basis, which are consistent with previous advected plume measurements (e.g., Lobo et al., 2012). This work substantially expands the database of takeoff emissions indices both in terms of plumes sampled and diversity of engine types. Comparison of measured number and mass EIs and estimates based on the First Approximation Method (FOA3) will be discussed.