10th International Aerosol Conference September 2 - September 7, 2018 America's Center Convention Complex St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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PM2.5 and Its Chemical Composition in Sixteen Cities in Indonesia
MUHAYATUN SANTOSO, Diah Lestiani, Syukria Kurniawati, Endah Damastuti, Indah Kusmartini, Djoko Prakoso, Dyah Kumala Sari, Philip K. Hopke, Rita Mukhtar, et al., Center for Applied Nuclear Science and Technology, BATAN
Abstract Number: 1151 Working Group: Aerosol Chemistry
Abstract The seasonal and spatial characteristics of PM2.5 and its chemical composition in Indonesia have been studied over a 3-year period (2014–2016) in sixteen big cities Indonesia covering Java, Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku and Papua islands. Samples of airborne particulate matter were collected once a week for 24 hr using a Gent stacked filter unit sampler in two size fractions of 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and 2.5 to 10 µm (PM2.5-10). Black carbon (BC) was determined by reflectance and chemical elements analysis which performed by using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF). The measurement of chemical composition will be focused on the heavy metals concentrations for PM2.5. The annual mean of PM2.5 ranged from 4.13 to 20.5 µg/m3. The results showed that majority of the annual concentrations of PM2.5 in Java sites exceeded the annual average air quality standards (15 µg/m3), while for other sites are lower than the standards except Pekanbaru. During the period of forest fires in 2015, the daily concentrations of PM2.5 in Pekanbaru and Palangka Raya have exceeded the daily average national standard (65 µg/m3). While during the year 2016 the incidence of forest fires in both sites considerably reduced and the maximum concentration of PM2.5 are still below the standard. The PM10 annual mean concentrations for all sites were below national standards (150 µg/m3), while the average ratio of BC concentrations compared to the PM2.5 ranged from 10 to 27 %. Chemical composition of PM2.5 were also determined in order to understand the anthropogenic source of particulate matter. The results obtained in Surabaya and Tangerang sites showed that level of heavy metals in PM2.5 significantly higher than in other sites. These several findings significantly support the national programs of air quality improvement. The results can be used as an early warning, scientific research based references in designing and revising various government policies and regulations related air quality standards in Indonesia.