10th International Aerosol Conference September 2 - September 7, 2018 America's Center Convention Complex St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Diffusion Chargers for the Measurement of Particle Number Concentration according to the European Regulation
Barouch Giechaskiel, YANNIS DROSSINOS, European Commission, Joint Research Centre
Abstract Number: 44 Working Group: Instrumentation
Abstract The European emissions regulation requires, the measurement of Solid Particle Number (SPN) >23 nm for type approval of diesel light-duty vehicles since 2011 (Euro 5b), for Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) light-duty vehicles since 2014 (Euro 6) (limit 6x1011 p/km) and for heavy-duty engines since 2013 (Euro VI). Based on the Particle Measurement Program (PMP) study a minimum diameter of 23 nm size was selected to ensure the inclusion of the smallest soot particles and to exclude volatile nucleation-mode particles. Volatile particles were excluded to improve the repeatability and reproducibility of the method to levels acceptable for legislative purposes. Real Driving Emissions (RDE) testing on the road with Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for SPN during type approval and in-service conformity (on-road) testing was recently (in 2017) introduced for light-duty vehicles. Furthermore, it is under discussion for heavy duty vehicles. To date, there are two measurement methodologies available to measure SPN emissions with PEMS: (i) diffusion charging (DC) and (ii) condensation particle counting (CPC). The second methodology is applied in the regulated PMP systems. Both methodologies measure SPN emissions after thermal pre-treatment of the exhaust. Counting efficiency curves of PMP systems and SPN-PEMS based on DCs have been recently compared (Giechaskiel et al. 2015, Giechaskiel, 2018). The relatively small size dependence of DCs is achieved with advanced systems (e.g., estimate of mean particle size and correction of results). A comparison of the SPN-PEMS and PMP systems for various engine technologies at JRC for both light-duty, heavy-duty and L-category (mopeds and motorcycles) gave differences of the order of ±50% (Giechaskiel et al. 2015, 2016). Higher differences were observed when small particles were present, or when the concentrations were at the detection limit of the instrument, 1x1011 p/km. The results are in good agreement with theoretically estimated differences based on the response of the instruments (Giechaskiel et al. 2014).
The authors would like to acknowledge the technical staff for their assistance in the laboratory.
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