10th International Aerosol Conference September 2 - September 7, 2018 America's Center Convention Complex St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Abstract View
PM2.5-bound Metal Emission from a Diesel Engine Generator Fueled with Biodiesel Converted from Used Cooking Oil
Jen-Hsiung Tsai, SHUI-JEN CHEN, Chi-Ying Hsieh, Cheng-Hung Tsai, Wen-Yinn Lin, Kuo-Lin Huang, Chih-Chung Lin, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology
Abstract Number: 490 Working Group: Combustion
Abstract Many studies have confirmed that the use of appropriate proportion (~20 vol%) of the biodiesel converted from non-edible greases (e.g., waste cooking oil (WCO)) can effectively reduce the emissions of particulate matter (PM), traditional gaseous pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other pollutants of diesel engines. However, some poor-quality aluminum, copper or stainless cooking utensils may result in the presence of toxic metallic elements (e.g., Ni, and Cr) in recycled WCO. Therefore, the emission of particulate toxic metals from the combustion of WCO-based biodiesels needs to be investigated. This study presents the emissions of 21 metals (Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, and Pb) in the emitted PM2.5 from a small diesel generator, fueled with WCO-biodiesel blends under 1.5 and 3.0 kW loads, by adopting PM2.5 cyclones to separate aerodynamic particle sizes ≤2.5 μm from the larger particles in the tailpipe stream. A brand of pure fossil diesel (W0) was adopted as the base fuel, and it was added by 20% and 40% WCO-based biodiesel to form W20 and W40 blends, respectively. The results showed that the mean concentrations of the sum of 21 metals (ΣMetals) on the PM2.5 in the exhausts for using the tested fuels followed the order W40 (60.8–109 μg/Nm3) < W20 (66.9–110 μg/Nm3) < W0 (81.7–142 μg/Nm3), despite the generator loadings. Additionally, the mean contents of ΣMetals were in the order D100 > W20 > W40 at 1.5 kW and W20 > D100 > W40 at 3.0 kW. Regardless of fuel blends, the mean concentrations and contents of ΣMetals on PM2.5 increased as the engine loading increased. The metal elements in PM2.5 sample were dominated (over 90% mass of total metals) by Na (3.20%), Mg (5.31%), Al (4.65%), K (19.0%), Ca (20.9%), Fe (10.5%), and Zn (31.5%). The major contents of the rest (minor) metals were Ni (2.14%), Ti (0.74%), Cr (0.57%), Mn (0.55%), and Mo (0.41%). The reduction rates of ΣMetals for using W40 were 25.6% and 23.0% at 1.5 and 3.0 kW, respectively, while for using W20 the corresponding data were 18.0% and 22.6%, respectively.