AAAR 37th Annual Conference October 14 - October 18, 2019 Oregon Convention Center Portland, Oregon, USA
Abstract View
Black Carbon and Particle Size Distributions Emitted from a Modern Aircraft Turbofan Engine Operated on Sustainable Alternative Jet Fuels
JOEL CORBIN, Prem Lobo, Gregory Smallwood, Tobias Schripp, Ewan Crosbie, Michael Shook, Claire Robinson, Edward Winstead, Bruce Anderson, Richard Miake-Lye, Zhenhong Yu, Andrew Freedman, Philip Whitefield, National Research Council Canada
Abstract Number: 274 Working Group: Combustion
Abstract Emissions from aviation related activities are a unique source of pollution in the urban environment and at cruise altitudes. Efforts are underway worldwide to reduce the environmental impacts of aviation through the use of sustainable alternative jet fuels (SAJFs). To date, alternative fuels blended with conventional Jet A/Jet A-1 (up to 50%) have been approved for use in the commercial aviation sector and have been shown to dramatically reduce black carbon (BC, or non-volatile particulate matter, nvPM) emissions. However, limited information is available on the physical, chemical, and optical properties of BC from modern turbofan engines burning SAJFs. If these properties vary, then the response of different instruments, which measure PM based on different properties and physical principles, may vary.
In this study, we measured the ground-level emissions of a V2527 engine, mounted on the DLR A320 ATRA research aircraft burning two conventional jet fuels and three blends of conventional jet fuel and SAJFs. The emissions were then distributed via a sampling manifold to a suite of instruments measuring black carbon (BC), particle size distributions (PSDs), and particle optical properties. BC was measured as refractory BC (rBC) by three pulsed laser-induced incandescence instruments (LII300); as equivalent BC (eBC) by two instruments using the extinction-minus-scattering principle (CAPS PMssa), two using the photoacoustic principle (PAX and MSS), and two using the filter-based attenuation principle (PSAP and TAP). PSDs were measured by three scanning mobility particle sizers (SMPS) and two electrometer-based particle sizers (EEPS and DMS500) as either total or non-volatile size distributions. We discuss the consistency between this comprehensive suite of measurements. The mass concentrations derived from the BC instruments were generally close to the median measurement, with the exception of the PSAP and TAP. Quantitative comparisons will be discussed between these instruments and the measured PSDs.