AAAR 37th Annual Conference October 14 - October 18, 2019 Oregon Convention Center Portland, Oregon, USA
Abstract View
It's Not All about Mass: Changes in Particle Number and Composition from Light Duty Vehicle Engine Combustion through the Use of Gasoline Particle Filters
REBECCA TANZER GRUENER, Stani Bohac, Albert A. Presto, Carnegie Mellon University
Abstract Number: 352 Working Group: Combustion
Abstract Gasoline particle filter (GPF) technology has been implemented in all 2019 light duty vehicles (LDVs) in Europe that use direct injection as the sole method of fueling. GPFs will also be appearing on LDVs in China within the next year. GPFs reduce particulate matter (PM) mass, number, nanoparticles, black carbon, and exhaust toxicity. However, GPFs are not expected on U.S. vehicles in the near term because the U.S. does not currently regulate particulate number. To inform the development of future emissions regulations in the U.S. a test program is being conducted to assess the effects of utilizing this technology. PM emissions from a 2011 F150 truck with a 3.5L Ecoboost GDI engine are being analyzed during start-up, idling, and various drive cycles, with and without an underfloor GPF retrofit to the vehicle. Experiments are being run on a chassis dynamometer using Tier 3 fuel at various laboratory temperatures (20, 50, and 70 degrees F). Particle mass is analyzed using Teflon filters, carbonaceous material is measured using micro soot samplers (MSS), and particle number and size distribution is quantified using an engine exhaust particle sampler (EEPS). PM samples collected on quartz filters are being used for carbon analysis using an OCEC analyzer and additional quartz filters are used for GC-MS analysis of volatility of the exhaust. Gas-phase and particle-phase exhaust SVOC speciation is conducted to quantify the GPF’s effect on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions and toxicity, as well as to better the understanding of the effect of GPFs on SOA precursors. Quantifying the difference in exhaust composition with and without the use of the GPF will lead to a greater understanding of this combustion emissions mitigation technology.