Abstract View
Comprehensive Analysis of Marine Particulate Matter Impacts to Atmospheric Pollution in Coastal Communities
RYAN DROVER, David R. Cocker III, J. Wayne Miller, University of California, Riverside
Abstract Number: 410
Working Group: Source Apportionment
Abstract
Marine shipping is the most efficient mode of transporting goods, with 90% of global merchandise transported by sea. However, ocean-going vessels (OGVs) used for transportation are significant emitters of criteria pollutants. Port and coastal communities bear the impacts of these emissions, in addition to inland environments such as the Southern California Air Basin (SCAB), as OGVs navigate near coastlines as they follow major shipping lanes. 70% of ship-related emissions occurring within 216 nautical miles of the coastline; pollutant contributions include that marine vessel traffic produces nearly 75% of NOx emissions in Santa Barbara County, California. Additionally, estimates of particulate matter (PM) and NOx presence using emission factors on OGVs underpredict emissions as compared to on-ship measurements. Evolution of engine technology, marine oil and fuel composition changes, control methods including vessel speed reduction, and the use of emissions control technology further motivate the need to continue to update accounting of OGV emissions. As trade volume continues to increase, contributing to as well as interacting with a changing urban aerosol environment, marine emissions continue to be a segment of importance.
PM emissions, in addition to gaseous and pollutant speciation, were measured from 60 in-use marine engines on a wide range of vessels over numerous sampling campaigns. The measurements have been used in this exploration of the evolution of emissions from the shipping industry and its relationship to coastal urban air quality. This work aimed to characterize and quantify anthropogenic marine source contributions to PM in coastal urban air and identified trends and impact through the proportional contribution of marine emissions, including addressing mitigation strategies. Near-shore shipping emissions have an effect on the volume and composition of regional PM and gaseous components, and may also enhance new particle formation in coastal and inland urban areas.