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Global Emissions of Hydrogen Chloride and Fine Particulate Chloride from Anthropogenic Sources and Biomass Open Burning
BINGQING ZHANG, Huizhong Shen, Xiao Yun, Qirui Zhong, Barron Henderson, Shu Tao, Armistead G. Russell, Pengfei Liu, Georgia Institute of Technology
Abstract Number: 418
Working Group: Combustion
Abstract
Gaseous and particulate chlorine species play an important role in tropospheric chemistry, visibility reduction, and human health. The current global chlorine emission inventory was developed in the 1990s with coarse resolution and no later update, which has limited our chemical transport modeling studies of the role of chlorine in the atmosphere. Here, we develop a global emission inventory of HCl and particulate Cl (pCl) including 6 sectors (i.e., energy, industrial, residential, waste open burning, biomass open burning, and agricultural sectors), 14 subsectors, and 34 types of fuel based on published up-to-date data. These emissions are gridded at 0.1° × 0.1° spatial resolution for the period 1960-2014. The estimated emissions of HCl and pCl in 2014 are 2192 Gg (with uncertainty range -50% ~ 51%) and 2289 Gg (with uncertainty range -60% ~ 43%). Emissions of HCl are from multiple major sources, including coal combustion processes in power plants (17%), waste open burning (23%), and biomass open burning (21%). Emissions of pCl are mostly from biomass burning, including indoor biofuel burning (28%), biomass open burning (44%), and crop residue burning (17%). The global emissions in early years such as 1960 are similar to the present level, due to the emissions from anthropogenic processes increased in the early years and decreased after, and emissions from biomass remain relatively constant in the study period. Our results are lower than previous global emissions estimated for 1990 but within the uncertainty range. Our results are also comparable with other regional emission estimations in China, India, and the US. Our study highlights the importance of non-SSA (sea salt aerosol) continental sources of chlorine, and the results can be used to simulate chlorine chemistry in chemical transportation models as well as provide a baseline for estimating more detailed regional emissions.