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Source Apportionment and Real-Time Measurement of pm10 Trace Metals Released from Car Brakes, Tire Wear and Construction Dust
ZAINAB BIBI, James Allan, Hugh Coe, Nicholas Marsden, Michael Flynn, University of Manchester, UK
Abstract Number: 598
Working Group: Source Apportionment
Abstract
With a population of about 66.04 million (2017) and an area of 242,495 km², United Kingdom (UK) is one of the most densely populated regions worldwide. There are 28 million cars currently on UK roads, which are accounting for 79% of the road traffic. Traffic-related particles can be distinguished into exhaust emissions (EE), which are emitted because of incomplete fuel combustion and lubricant volatilisation during the combustion procedure, and non-exhaust emissions (NEE), which is either generated from non-exhaust sources such as brake, tire, clutch and road surface wear or already exist in the environment as-deposited material and become resuspended due to traffic-induced turbulence (Amato et al., 2011). In the current study, we are introducing the most recent instrument for the detection of NEE, i.e., Cooper Xact 625i ambient metal analyser (Cooper Environmental Services, Beaverton, Oregon, USA). PM10 samples were collected from 1st July 2019 to 17th Sept 2020 at the new Air Quality Site in Manchester, UK. The site is well documented with respect to the good urban background site that should offer a contrast to the more central Piccadilly site and the Whitworth observatory in the main campus of the University. Later, PMF analysis was performed to do the source apportionment of metals (Paatero and Tapper, 1994). The results showed that the first factor is brake lining and mineral dust, dominating by Fe and Cu metals. The second marker has the highest m/z of K, Zn, S and Pb. Zn is the marker for tire wear while Pb is a marker for road paint and S & K was used as the marker of biomass burning. The third factor is sea salt/sea spray particles mainly dominated by Cl. The fourth factor is secondary sulfates dominated by S and the fifth factor is construction dust representing the signals at m/z 26.9 (Al), 28 (Si), 40 (Ca) and 55.8 (Fe). The significant loads of the traffic-related and road dust factors with strong diurnal variations highlight the continuing importance of vehicle-related air pollutants at this site. The results emphasize the large influence of non-exhaust emissions sources on the composition of PM10. Other factors such as road dust and domestic burning contribute to the influence of local activities such as construction site near the AQ site and domestic burning from waste burning. This study will provide a piece of important additional information about sources of NEE in the urban background site along with construction dust and domestic burning sources and will be helpful for policymaking in the future.