Abstract View
Fine Particulate Matter and Black Carbon Emissions from Non-Cooking Residential Sector Activities over Rural India
CHIMURKAR NAVINYA, Harish C Phuleria, Gupta Anurag, Pradnya Lokhande, Gazala Habib, Chandra Venkataraman, Abhijit Chatterjee, D. Abisheg, Anubha Goel, Arshid Jehangir, Yang Lian, Tuhin Kumar Mandal, Shiva Nagendra, Asif Qureshi, Ramya Sunder Raman, Binoy K. Saikia, Baerbel Sinha, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
Abstract Number: 65
Working Group: Carbonaceous Aerosol
Abstract
The residential sector including cooking, water heating (WH), space heating (SH), and kerosene lighting (KL) significantly injects pollutants into the atmosphere. Non-cooking residential (NCR) activities are understudied due to the lack of availability of data in rural India. Past studies used experience-based assumptions to estimate such emissions, however, without region-specific information on variables including device type and temporal usage. Here, we report spatial (5km resolution) and seasonal variation of PM2.5 and BC emitted from NCR activities in rural parts of India. The month-device specific fuel consumption for each of the three NCR activities is prepared using primary data from ~5200 new residential surveys conducted across 41 districts of India under the National COALESCE project (Venkataraman et al., 2020, Bull. Am. Met. Soc., 101(7):E1052-68). This is combined with secondary demographic and housing data as predictors in multivariate regression models. Satellite-derived night-time light data are used to identify urban and non-urban areas. We estimate 1223 and 210 Gg/year of PM2.5 and BC are released to the atmosphere from NCR activities, where SH, WH and KL contribute 58%, 41% and 1% of PM2.5, respectively. The corresponding share of BC emissions is 65%, 28%, and 7%, respectively. Emissions are dominant in rural areas (86-88%), where, firewood (FW), and coal combustion contribute 35% and 39%, respectively to the total BC emissions. Similarly, FW (35%) and dung-cake (32%) dominate the PM2.5 emissions. Devices such as traditional stoves (27%) and wick lamps (6%) used for WH and KL, respectively dominate BC emissions. Emissions found higher during winter (Nov-Feb) (52-56%), whereas, BC emission due to KL is higher (3%) during summer/monsoon (May-Aug). The regression model estimates a majority of BC emission from KL over the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Assam, consistent with independent Census 2011 data. Further analysis examining the spatial variability of pollutants from a different device and fuel use for the three NCR activities is currently underway.