Household and Mobility-Influenced Personal PM2.5 Exposures for a Rail-Impacted Environmental Justice Community

Ivette Torres, Khanh Do, Andrea Delgado, Charlotte Mourad, Haofei Yu, CESUNICA IVEY, University of California, Berkeley

     Abstract Number: 540
     Working Group: Identifying and Addressing Disparate Health and Social Impacts of Exposure to Aerosols and Other Contaminants across Continents, Communities, and Microenvironments

Abstract
The Westside San Bernardino neighborhood is a hot spot of air pollution and high rates of cancer, potentially caused by its proximity to a large industrial facility, the largest concentration of warehouses in the country, and multiple freeways. In addition, geography and wind patterns trap and compound port-related pollutants in the inland valleys. More than 270,000 people living in the surrounding area face a higher risk of cancer solely due to where they live. In an effort to provide data-driven evidence to corroborate community members' lived experiences, personal PM2.5 monitoring took place from October 2021 through March 2022. We engaged 9-14 community members per week for three weeks at a time. Each participant completed one intake survey to collect demographic and baseline health information, and then each participant completed a dynamic survey at the end of each deployment week to assess perceptions of well-being. Personal monitoring activities indicated a clear trend of higher residential microenvironmental concentrations compared to concentrations in non-residential microenvironments. Additionally, we monitored indoor and ambient PM2.5 levels for five households (ten total households for ambient monitoring) over six months. Our analysis showed that household PM2.5 levels had a higher-than-expected average infiltration factor compared to crowdsourced studies. Also, approximately 33% of the time, indoor PM2.5 levels were greater than ambient PM2.5 levels due to high frequent indoor emissions or less-than-optimal ventilation. The indoor 98th percentiles across the households far exceeded the 24-hour NAAQS. We recommend continued indoor air quality monitoring, and we support emissions and exposure mitigation efforts that address nearby historical pollution burdens.