Personal Exposures to Fine Particulate Matter in Java, Indonesia Using Low-Cost Sensors

MARINA VANCE, Bregas Budianto, Gito Immanuel, Hideki Nara, Shigeru Hashimoto, Yukio Terao, Rizaldi Boer, University of Colorado Boulder

     Abstract Number: 121
     Working Group: Aerosol Exposure

Abstract
This work investigates PM2.5 concentrations in Bogor, Indonesia. The city of Bogor is located in the Jakarta metropolitan region, the most populous metropolitan area in Indonesia. Home to an estimated 35 million people, the Jakarta metro region is considered the 5th largest megacity in the world. This work investigates PM2.5 concentrations in Bogor, West Java using a fixed air monitoring site as well as personal exposures using low-cost sensors. Researchers equipped with a PM2.5 and a CO2 monitors carried out daily activities and kept a detailed time-activity log over the course of 8 months, spanning the dry and rainy seasons. Additionally, two types of low-cost PM2.5 monitors were collocated with a regulatory-grade, ambient air quality monitoring station throughout the campaign. Collocation results were used to apply correction factors to the personal exposure data and to gain insights on environmental factors affecting sensor performance (e.g., relative humidity and aerosol composition). Preliminary results show a 24-hr average PM2.5 concentration of 26 +- 13 μg/m3 with a slope of 0.56 μg/m3 compared to the fixed monitoring station. There were statistically significant differences (p<0.01) in personal exposure between transport modes (i.e., car, motorcycle, walk) and between indoor locations (e.g., mall, office, home). While the average PM2.5 concentrations experienced by motorcycle were over 2x higher than by car, the total exposure in the motorcycle scenario very similar to the car scenario. This is because the bulk of exposure took place at home and in the office.