Particle Emissions from Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Stations
Yuan Yao, Muchuan Niu, Haoxuan Chen, Qiao Yu, Qingyang Wu, Michael Jerrett, YIFANG ZHU, University of California, Los Angeles
Abstract Number: 200
Working Group: Aerosol Exposure
Abstract
To combat climate change, policymakers around the globe have committed to accelerating the transition to electric vehicles (EVs). This unprecedented large-scale transportation electrification will necessitate the establishment of a vast network of EV fast chargers worldwide. Here we report that the power cabinet at Direct Current Fast Charging (DCFC) stations emit fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which are associated with increased morbidity through the life course and premature death. We collected 24-hr integrated filter samples from 50 DCFC stations across 47 cities in Los Angeles County, California, and found that PM2.5 concentrations were between 7.3 to 39.0 µg m-3. To understand the emission process of these particles, we tested a series of potential mechanisms for particle emissions at DCFC stations. We conducted extensive field measurements for real-time PM2.5 mass concentration, particle size distribution, and other pollutants, as well as EV charging activities, and found that these particles are mainly in the sub-micrometer size range (0.5-1.0 µm). Currently, no emission standards exist for DCFC. Without regulation or interventions, these particles could potentially expose nearby communities, EV users, and the workforce operating these facilities to high levels of PM2.5, potentially leading to widespread health consequences.