Primary and Secondary Particle Emissions from Residential Wood Combustion: Appliance Type, Fuel, and Aging Effects

ALEXANDRE ALBINET, Céline Degrendele, Yamina Allouche, Abd El Rahman El Mais, Ali Hnaino, Serge Collet, Sergio Harb, Nicolas Karoski, Vincent Fuvel, Jason Bardou, Mehdi Dionigi, Ahmed Abida, Yannick Dupuis, Chrsitophe Richet, Rachel Gemayel, Jérôme Beaumont, Théo Claude, Laurent Meunier, Robin Aujay-Plouzeau, Céline Ferret, Nathalie Bocquet, Andrea Baccarini, Nikunj Dudani, Pabrito Ray, et al., INERIS

     Abstract Number: 16
     Working Group: Carbonaceous Aerosols

Abstract
Residential wood combustion is a major source of PM_2.5 during winter and emits significant amounts of carbonaceous compounds, with the organic fraction featuring varying volatility. These undergo (photo-)oxidation in the atmosphere, forming secondary organic aerosols (SOA), which contribute notably to PM_2.5 concentrations. The SOA formation potential and processes from these emissions are still poorly understood especially for nighttime conditions. Emissions data on residential pellet appliances (stoves and boilers) are also limited, making it crucial to improve knowledge of their primary emissions, such as black carbon (BC), and potential for secondary particle formation. This study aimed to (1) evaluate and compare primary particle emissions and secondary particle formation potential from pellet, logwood, and oil appliances, and (2) assess day- and night-time aging of logwood stove emissions. Experiments were conducted using nine modern residential heating appliances: three pellet stoves and boilers, one logwood boiler and stove, and one oil boiler. Emissions were diluted (20-50×) and aged using a potential aerosol mass oxidation flow reactor (PAM-OFR) under daytime (OH radicals, OFR-185) and nighttime (NO₃ radicals, dark-OFR-iN₂O₅) conditions. The study investigated the effects of appliance output (nominal, reduced, intermediate), real-life logwood use (beReal protocol), and fuel type (hardwood vs. softwood). Primary and secondary emissions were characterized on-line using numerous instruments ((CHARON)-PTR-ToF-MS, CI-ToF-MS, Xact, PTAAM-2λ, AIR-monitor, HR-ToF-AMS, ACSM, AAC, CPMA, SMPS, CPC, AE33, gas analyzers) located before and/or after the PAM-OFR providing detailed information on the particulate and gaseous chemical composition, PM size distribution, density, number concentration and light absorption properties. PM samples were also collected on filters/grids before and after the PAM-OFR for gravimetric, morphological and chemical analyses. We will compare primary (PM and BC) and secondary emissions across appliances, outputs, fuels, and aging conditions. This work was supported by ADEME (EPOCHAG and WOODNIGHT projects, n°206C0004 and 2262D0034) and the French Ministry of Environment.