AAAR 35th Annual Conference October 17 - October 21, 2016 Oregon Convention Center Portland, Oregon, USA
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Biological Effects of Human and Murine Lung Cells Exposed to Combustion Aerosols at the Air/Liquid-Interface: Investigation of Wood Combustion-, Ship- and Car Engine-Emissions
RALF ZIMMERMANN, Gunnar Dittmar, Tamara Kanashova, Jeroen Buters, Sebastian Öder, Hanns Paur, Sonja Mülhopt, Marco Dilger, Carsten Weiss, Horst Harndorf, Benjamin Stengel, Karsten Hiller, Sean Sapcariu, Kelly BeruBe, Tobias Krebs, Thorsten Streibel, Erwin Karg, Martin Sklorz, Jürgen Orasche, Johannes Passig, Suchi Smita, Maija-Riitta Hirvonen, Olli Sipppula, Jorma Jokiniemi, et al., Helmholtz Zentrum München and Rostock University
Abstract Number: 102 Working Group: Health Related Aerosols
Abstract Combustion aerosol-emissions are highly health-relevant. The Virtual Helmholtz Institute HICE (www.hice-vi.eu) studies physical-chemical properties of combustion emissions in conjunction with their biological effects on lung cells. In this context human lung cells are exposed to diluted combustion exhaust-fumes at the air-liquid interface (ALI). The ALI-exposure technology allows a realistic aerosol-exposure of lung cells. After exposure, biological responses of the lung cells are analysed. Up to now emissions of wood combustion compliances (wood log-stove and pellet-burner), a ship-diesel engine (operated with heavy fuel oil (HFO) or refined diesel fuel (DF)) and a car engine (operated with gasoline or ethanol (E85)) were investigated and are discussed in the contribution. Human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549, BEAS2B and primary cells) and murine macrophages (RAW) were ALI-exposed to the freshly-emitted diluted combustion aerosols. The cellular effects were then characterized, including a comprehensive multi-omics molecular biological-effect characterisation on transcriptome, proteome and metabolome level (Oeder et al., PLoS one, 2015). The cellular response-strengths of the combustion aerosols were observed at comparable aerosol deposition doses. The following order of biological effect-strength was observed: A relatively mild effect was detected for the diluted wood combustion- and car-emissions (with ethanol-fuel emissions being slightly more reactive than gasoline-fuel emissions). Counter-intuitively the biological effects-strengths for log-wood and pellet burner emissions were very similar. The ship diesel engine-emissions, however, induced the most intense biological responses. Surprisingly the HFO-emissions showed lower biological effect strengths than the supposedly cleaner DF, although the HFO-emissions contained much higher concentrations of known toxic compounds (transition metals, organic toxicants). The obtained holistic physical-chemical and molecular biological results demonstrate the complexity of PM-induced biological effects. The activation-pattern (i.e. different induced molecular pathways) and the activation-strength vary considerably for the investigated aerosol sources, suggesting large differences in relative toxicity and mechanisms for aerosol-induced health effects of combustion-emissions from different sources.