AAAR 35th Annual Conference October 17 - October 21, 2016 Oregon Convention Center Portland, Oregon, USA
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Chemical and Toxicological Characteristics of Diesel Exhaust Particles
MINHAN PARK, HungSoo Joo, KwangYul Lee, Lucille Joanna Borlaza, Heung-Bin Lim, Han-Jae Shin, JiYi Lee, Kihong Park, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
Abstract Number: 272 Working Group: Health Related Aerosols
Abstract Diesel exhaust particles has been known to have significant adverse effects on human health (U.S. EPA, 2002). In this study, chemical and toxicological characteristics of diesel exhaust particles were simultaneously measured to relate chemical properties to toxicity of diesel exhaust particles. Chemical composition of diesel exhaust particles such as ions (sodium, ammonium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chloride, nitrate and sulfate), metals (Al, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Ba, Pb, Co, Se, Cr, Ca and Mg), organic carbon (OC)/elemental carbon (EC) were determined by ion chromatography (IC), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), and Sunset OC/EC analyzer, respectively. Also, detailed speciation of the OC was conducted by using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). To determine toxicity, various chemical and biological tests were conducted including cytotoxicity, mutagenesis and oxidative potential (OP). The cytotoxicity was tested via neutral red uptake (NRU) assay using chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell. Half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of diesel exhaust particles was found to be 58.2±2.0 μg/ml. Mutagenesis and oxidative potential of diesel exhaust particles were also tested by Ames test and several chemical assays (dithiothreitol (DTT) and electron spin resonance (ESR) assays). Preliminary results showed that diesel exhaust particles had the highest mutagenic activity among PM samples (e.g., biomass burning samples, coal combustion samples (1100 ℃ combustion), and road dust) analyzed in this study.