AAAR 35th Annual Conference October 17 - October 21, 2016 Oregon Convention Center Portland, Oregon, USA
Abstract View
On-line and Hyphenated Photoionization Mass Spectrometric Techniques for Gas and Particulate Phase Analysis: Investigation of Wood Combustion-, Ship- and Car Engine-Emissions
Hendryk Czech, RALF ZIMMERMANN, Olli Sipppula, Benjamin Stengel, Anne Ulbrich, Toni Miersch, Jürgen Orasche, Heikki Lamberg, Martin Sklorz, Thorsten Streibel, Horst Harndorf, Jorma Jokiniemi, University of Rostock
Abstract Number: 433 Working Group: Instrumentation and Methods
Abstract Anthropogenic emissions from combustion sources are known to cause severe effects on human health. Furthermore, emitted greenhouse gases and particulate emission as well as secondary particles from gas-to-particle conversion affect the radiative forcing of the Earth. The Virtual Helmholtz Institute HICE (www.hice-vi.eu) together with the Joint Mass Spectrometry Center Rostock-Munich investigates the molecular aerosol composition of combustion processes with relevance on a global scale, such as emissions from marine engines, automobile engines and different types of wood stoves, with mass spectrometric techniques in the field and laboratory test benches. The overall scope of this study is to integrate biological responses from cell exposure experiments and chemical/physical properties of the combustion aerosol. On-line single-photon ionization (SPI) and resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) was applied to analyze the composition of volatile to semi-volatile organic compounds (VOC/SVOC) in real-time for dynamic combustion processes. Striking changes in organic molecular composition could be observed for batchwise log wood combustion through burning phases, accelerations during driving cycles and high-speeds of automobiles and load changes of a marine engine. Moreover, fine particulate matter from these combustion processes were collected on quartz fiber filters and analyzed by a thermal-optical carbon analyzer hyphenated to a SPI/REMPI-TOFMS (Diab et al. 2015, Atm. Meas. Techn.). The ImproveA temperature protocol defines four thermal steps of organic carbon (OC1 – OC4) for which the organic molecular composition was investigated. OC1 and OC2 (room temperature to 280°C) can be regarded as thermodesorption step with evaporating compounds, whereas in OC3 and OC4 (280°C to 580°C) pyrolysis dominates, leading to thermal fragment of low-volatile organic compounds (LVOC). With this approach, the influence of fuel switching from high-sulfur heavy fuel oil to low-sulfur diesel fuel on particulate organic emissions from a marine engine and wood stove emissions under different operating conditions were examined.