AAAR 35th Annual Conference October 17 - October 21, 2016 Oregon Convention Center Portland, Oregon, USA
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Cancer and Non-Cancer Risk from E-Cigarette Aerosol Toxicant Exposure
SAMERA HAMAD, Stephanie S. Buehler, Vladimir Mikheev, Pamela I. Clark, Courtney A. Granville, Battelle Public Health Center for Tobacco Research
Abstract Number: 453 Working Group: Electronic Cigarettes - Health Effects
Abstract Electronic cigarettes are largely regarded as a safe alternative to combustible cigarettes, and a growing number of youth and young adults are experimenting with these relatively new products. However, little is known about real world exposure to e-cigarettes, and the subsequent health risk of vaping e-cigarettes. Publications to date report the presence of several carcinogens including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein in e-cigarette aerosols. Several behavioral parameters such as puff volume, puff duration and the number of puffs will modify overall exposure and subsequent risk. A preliminary study of e-cigarette real-world use behaviors among experienced vapers showed wide variability in average puff volumes (10 to 148 mL) and durations (0.7 to >5 seconds) across participants, indicating potentially wide variability in exposure across e-cigarette users. Additionally, the level of aldehydes present in e-cigarette aerosols is partially dependent upon the power applied to the heating element. Work from our TCORS has also demonstrate the presence of high concentrations of nano-sized particles in e-cigarette aerosols as compared to combustible tobacco products. The large surface area of nanoparticles may make them more bioactive due to their relatively large surface area. This talk will review the literature regarding the chemical and physical composition of e-cigarette aerosols and consider health risk from different exposure scenarios. Cancer and non-cancer risk associated with the exposure to these toxicants will be presented. As an example, Bekki et al. (2014) and Goniewicz et al. (2014) reported levels of formaldehyde at 13 to 374 ng/puff, and levels of acetaldehyde at 7 to 90 ng/puff. Assuming 100% deposition of these compounds, and 120 puffs per day for a period of 10 years, an accumulated lifetime cancer risk from aldehyde exposure of 1.6 x 10$^(-7) to 4.3 x 10$^(-6) was calculated. The potential public health implications from different exposure scenarios will be discussed.