AAAR 35th Annual Conference October 17 - October 21, 2016 Oregon Convention Center Portland, Oregon, USA
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Field Measurements of Solid-Fuel Cookstove Emissions from Uncontrolled Cooking Tests in China, Honduras, Uganda, and India
ROSE EILENBERG, Kelsey Bilsback, Kristen Fedak, Michael Johnson, Jack Kodros, Eric Lipsky, Christian L'Orange, Jennifer Peel, Jeffrey R. Pierce, R. Subramanian, John Volckens, Allen Robinson, Carnegie Mellon University
Abstract Number: 698 Working Group: Combustion
Abstract Approximately three billion people across the developing world rely on traditional, solid-fuel burning cookstoves. Because incomplete combustion in cookstoves emits toxic gases and particulate matter (PM), cookstoves have wide-reaching impacts on human health, air quality, and the climate. Due to the costs and logistical challenges of conducting field experiments in developing countries, most emission inventories are derived from laboratory tests. Studies have repeatedly shown, however, that lab tests do not accurately reflect real-world usage. To address this gap, we performed a total of 41 uncontrolled cooking tests (with stove operators cooking as if a normal day) in China, Honduras, Uganda, and India. A battery-powered portable emissions sampler was designed to collect both integrated and real-time measurements. Sites were chosen to represent a range of stove types, including so-called improved stoves, as well as fuels and cooking practices. We measured emission factors (EFs) using the carbon balance method. PM EFs from gravimetric filter measurements ranged from 0.35 to 169.4 g/kg fuel; the majority of measurements within the range of previously published field tests. Test average CO EFs were between 33.4 and 268.2 g/kg fuel, similar to the literature. OC/EC ratios ranged from 0.075 to 120. Coal stoves in China had the highest PM and CO EFs, while charcoal stoves in Uganda had the lowest PM EFs and Indian wood stoves had the lowest CO EFs. Real time data for gases and particles (black carbon and scattering) were measured to quantify the contribution of intermittent events to overall emissions. This presentation will provide an overview of the data, including an analysis of variations in emissions by country, fuel type, and stove technology. These data are being incorporated into an ongoing stove emissions laboratory study and emission inventories to decrease the uncertainties in both climate and public health intervention models.